The term "cross-reacts," as used herein, refers to the ability of an antibody described herein to bind to CD40 from a different species.
The term "kassoc" or "K.sub.A", as used herein, refers to the association rate constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction, whereas the term "kdis" or "K.sub.D," as used herein, refers to the dissociation rate constant of a particular antibody-antigen interaction. Typically, the antibody (i) binds with an equilibrium dissociation constant (K.sub.D) of approximately less than 10.sup.-7 M, such as approximately less than 10.sup.-8 M, 10.sup.-9 M or 10.sup.-10 M or even lower when determined by, e.g., surface plasmon resonance (SPR) technology in a BIACORE.RTM.
The term "K.sub.D", as used herein, refers to the equilibrium dissociation constant, which is obtained from the ratio of K.sub.D to K.sub.A (i.e., K.sub.D/K.sub.A) and is expressed as a molar concentration (M). The term "EC50" in the context of an in vitro or in vivo assay using an antibody or antigen binding fragment thereof, refers to the concentration of an antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof that induces a response that is 50% of the maximal response, i.e., halfway between the maximal response and the baseline.
Also provided are "conservative sequence modi***ations" to the antibody sequence provided herein, i.e. nucleotide and amino acid sequence modi***ations that do not abrogate the binding of the antibody encoded by the nucleotide sequence or containing the amino acid sequence, to the antigen.
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